Which process can be negatively affected by excessive water in soils?

Excessive water in soils can significantly impair respiration in plants, which is a vital process for their overall health and growth. Respiration involves the breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy necessary for various cellular activities. When soils are overly saturated, oxygen availability decreases as water fills the spaces in the soil that would normally hold air. Since roots require oxygen for respiration, a waterlogged condition can lead to root suffocation, inhibiting the plant's ability to perform respiration effectively. This can result in a decline in energy production, affecting the plant's growth and development.

While excessive water can influence the other processes mentioned, the impact on respiration is particularly pronounced because it directly affects the roots' ability to take in oxygen. Therefore, understanding this relationship is crucial for maintaining proper soil moisture levels and ensuring the health of plants.