What type of plants are typically used in rock gardens?

Rock gardens are designed to mimic natural mountainous environments where water retention is limited, so the plants typically used in these gardens are drought-resistant and low-water varieties. These plants, such as succulents, alpine plants, and certain perennials, have adaptational features that allow them to survive with minimal moisture. They often have deep root systems that help them access water stored in the rocky substrate, or they may have fleshy leaves that store water.

Using plants that thrive in high moisture or require significant water—such as water-loving aquatic plants—is not suitable for rock gardens, as this environment does not facilitate persistent moist conditions. Likewise, while some trees may thrive in full sun, they generally do not align with the specific aesthetic or functional goals of rock gardens, which prioritize low-growing, hardier species. Therefore, the choice of drought-resistant and low-water plants is ideal for creating a sustainable and visually appealing rock garden.