What term describes the proportion of sand, silt, and clay in the soil?

The term that describes the proportion of sand, silt, and clay in the soil is known as soil texture. Soil texture is determined by the relative percentages of these three particle sizes, which fundamentally influences various properties of the soil, including its drainage capability, nutrient retention, and aeration. Understanding soil texture is essential for effective land use and management, as it helps agronomists, landscape professionals, and gardeners make informed decisions regarding soil amendments, plant selection, and irrigation practices.

Soil structure, on the other hand, refers to the arrangement of soil particles and the spaces between them, also impacting water movement and root penetration. Soil composition generally speaks to the overall make-up of the soil, including organic matter, minerals, and biological elements, but does not specifically refer to the proportions of sand, silt, and clay. Soil quality encompasses the overall health and functionality of the soil, considering factors like fertility, biological activity, and contamination, rather than just the textural components. Thus, while all these terms are interconnected and important in soil science, soil texture specifically defines the particle size distribution of sand, silt, and clay.