What is the difference between annuals and perennials?

The distinction between annuals and perennials lies primarily in their life cycles. Annuals are plants that complete their entire life cycle—from germination to the production of seeds—within a single growing season. This means they sprout, flower, produce seeds, and die all within one year. In contrast, perennials are plants that live for multiple years. They typically go through a cycle of growth, flower, and seed production each year, but they remain alive underground or dormant during off-seasons, allowing them to return characteristically in the next growing season.

Understanding this difference is fundamental for garden planning, as annuals can provide vibrant, seasonal color and variety, while perennials offer sustainability and recurring blooms over the years. This knowledge helps landscapers and gardeners choose plants that suit their desired garden aesthetics and maintenance needs.