What factor can negatively influence tree growth besides compaction?

Waterlogged soil can severely hinder tree growth for several reasons. When soil becomes waterlogged, it can lead to a lack of oxygen in the root zone, which is essential for respiration and overall root function. Roots require adequate oxygen levels to take up water and nutrients, and without this essential element, the tree can experience stress, reduced growth, and even root decay.

Additionally, waterlogged conditions can promote the growth of root rot fungi and other pathogens, which can further compromise root health and lead to tree decline. Instead of thriving and growing, trees in waterlogged soil might exhibit signs of stunted growth, wilting, or even death if the conditions persist.

In contrast, while excess sunlight, inadequate pruning, and high levels of shade can impact growth, they do not typically have the same immediate and severe effect on the root system as waterlogged soil does. These other factors represent different management or environmental issues that, while important, do not create the critical oxygen deprivation and pathogen-promoting environment that waterlogged soil does.