What effect does removing the terminal bud have on lateral buds?

Removing the terminal bud, often referred to as the apical bud, has a significant impact on the growth patterns of lateral buds. When the terminal bud is in place, it typically exerts a form of control known as apical dominance, where it suppresses the growth of lateral buds. This is primarily regulated by the distribution of plant hormones, particularly auxins, which are produced at the tips of the growing stems.

When the terminal bud is removed, this suppression is lifted, allowing the lateral buds to grow more freely. Without the influence of the apical bud, the lateral buds can develop into new shoots, which can lead to a bushier appearance in the plant. This process of encouraging lateral bud growth is a critical factor in the management of plant shape and structure in landscape practices.

As for the other options, inhibiting lateral bud growth or having no effect contradicts the basic principles of plant growth response, and promoting apical dominance would further suppress lateral growth rather than encourage it. Therefore, the action of removing the terminal bud directly encourages the growth of the lateral buds, resulting in a more robust and fuller plant.