What does the term "hardscape" refer to?

The term "hardscape" is defined as the non-plant elements included in landscape design. This encompasses structures and materials like patios, walkways, retaining walls, driveways, and other features made from concrete, stone, wood, or other materials that contribute to the physical layout of a landscape. Hardscaping plays a crucial role in landscape design as it provides functionality, structure, and aesthetics to outdoor spaces.

Understanding the distinction between hardscape and other components of landscaping, such as softscape (the living plant elements), is essential for creating a balanced and visually appealing landscape. Hardscape elements often serve as the foundation for plant selections and can influence drainage, accessibility, and overall usability of the outdoor area.