How can a well-designed landscape mitigate stormwater runoff?

A well-designed landscape can effectively mitigate stormwater runoff by incorporating permeable surfaces and native plantings. Permeable surfaces allow water to infiltrate the ground rather than running off into storm drains and waterways. This infiltration helps to recharge groundwater supplies and reduces the volume of surface runoff, which can lead to flooding and erosion.

Additionally, native plantings are particularly beneficial because they have deep root systems that enhance soil structure and increase its ability to absorb water. These plants are also adapted to local climates and soil conditions, which means they require less maintenance and can thrive without excessive irrigation. The combination of permeable surfaces and native vegetation creates a landscape that not only manages stormwater but also promotes biodiversity and sustainable practices.

The other options do not provide effective solutions for managing stormwater runoff and may even contribute to its challenges. For example, artificial turf can lead to increased runoff since it does not allow water to penetrate the soil. Steep slopes can exacerbate runoff by accelerating water flow, leading to erosion. High fences do not address the physical characteristics of the landscape and do not contribute to water management. Thus, the incorporation of permeable surfaces and native plantings stands out as the most effective strategy in managing stormwater runoff.